**Russian-backed separatists** primarily refer to armed groups in Eastern Ukraine, notably in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, that have received support from Russia since 2014. These separatists seek independence or integration with Russia, challenging Ukraine's sovereignty and triggering a prolonged conflict known as the War in Donbas[2][4]. The origins of these groups trace back to the 2014 Ukrainian political crisis, when protests ousted the pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovich, leading to unrest in Eastern Ukraine's predominantly Russian-speaking population. Pro-Russian protesters seized government buildings, declaring self-proclaimed "people's republics," which Russia later officially recognized in 2022, solidifying their de facto status[2]. The separatists operate with extensive backing from Moscow, including military aid, personnel, and private military companies (PMCs) such as the Wagner Group. These PMCs have been crucial in combat operations, enabling Russia to pursue its geopolitical goals while maintaining plausible deniability on direct involvement. This hybrid warfare approach has allowed Russia to destabilize Ukraine, consolidate control over territories like Crimea and parts of Donbas, and complicate diplomatic resolutions[3]. Despite early battlefield successes, the conflict has largely become a frozen frontline since 2015, with ongoing clashes and no full resolution. Russia's support has included issuing around 800,000 Russian passports to local residents, integrating these regions more closely with Russia in practice[2]. Notably, these separatist entities planned but ultimately abandoned the idea of merging into a larger autonomous region called "Novorossiya" (New Russia), a historical term revived to assert territorial claims[2]. While the conflict remains primarily military and political, it has significant implications for business and technology sectors. The region's instability disrupts economic activity, hinders investment, and affects global energy markets, given Ukraine's role as a transit route for Russian gas. Additionally, the use of hybrid warfare tactics, including cyber operations and private military contractors,